On the Ethereum network, there are several types of nodes that play different roles in the functioning of the network. Here are some of the main types of nodes on Ethereum:
Full nodes: These nodes store a complete copy of the Ethereum blockchain and validate transactions and blocks before adding them to the chain. Full nodes are essential for maintaining the integrity and security of the Ethereum network.
Light nodes: These nodes do not store a complete copy of the blockchain, but rather rely on full nodes to provide them with the necessary information to validate transactions. Light nodes are useful for users who want to participate in the Ethereum network but do not have the resources to run a full node.
Miner nodes: These nodes are responsible for solving complex mathematical problems, known as "proof-of-work," in order to create new blocks and add them to the blockchain. In return for their efforts, miners are rewarded with a certain amount of ether.
Archive nodes: These nodes store a complete copy of the Ethereum blockchain and also maintain historical data such as past state roots and receipts. Archive nodes are used for historical analysis and data visualization.
Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) nodes: These nodes run the Ethereum Virtual Machine, which executes smart contracts on the Ethereum network.
In addition to these types of nodes, there are also different client implementations of Ethereum, such as Geth (written in Go), Parity (written in Rust), and Truffle (a development framework for building and deploying smart contracts).